Ringkasan :
The chapters in this volume are based on presentations made at the First Wisconsin Symposium on Emotion that was held on the campus of the University of Wisconsin-Madison in April, 1995. This was the inaugural symposium of a series that has been held yearly in April ever since. Each symposium is focused on a specific theme in contemporary research in affective science. The theme of the first symposium was on emotion and psychopathology specifically focusing on anxiety and depression. The general format we adopted in the first symposium has been replicated in each subsequent event. We have four to six contributors from outside the University of Wisconsin and one to three Wisconsin faculty. We have a maximum of seven presentations over two days to permit sufficient time for extensive discussion following each presentation. We select participants to showcase what we consider to be the best and most promising research in the areas that are represented. One of the unique features of these symposia involves the participation of graduate students and postdoctoral trainees. Each spring, a seminar is taught that covers the scientific work of the presenters. The seminar participants prepare questions and issues for discussion and lead the discussion that follows each presentation. At the symposia, we leave a full 45 minutes following each of the hour-long presentations for discussion. The present volume consists of six chapters each written by one of the six presenters and a chapter of commentary that follows each of the presenter's chapters. These six chapters of commentary focus on the salient points of discussion that were raised in response to the presentations. Chapter 1, by Jay Weiss and his colleagues, presents an exciting new hypothesis about the pathophysiology of depression and illustrates the utility of considering animal models along with human clinical studies in our efforts to characterize the underlying biological bases of mood disorders. Kalin and Shelton continue in this tradition in Chapter 3 and present an overview of their work using rhesus monkeys to examine individual differences in defensive behavior and their underlying neural substrates. This work has important implications for understanding and treating anxiety disorders. The chapter by Davidson (Chapter 5) provides an overview of his research program on the functional neuroanatomy of individual differences in emotional reactivity and their relation to affective and anxiety disorders. The approach that is taken underscores the utility of using functional neuroanatomy to help parse individual differences in parameters of emotional reactivity as a complement to more traditional psychiatric nosology. Chapter 7, by Gotlib, Gilboa, and Sammerfield, summarizes their work on cognitive abnormalities in depression. Any comprehensive understanding of depression must include an explanation of the specific nature of cognitive dysfunction that has been repeatedly observed. In Chapter 9, Clark provides an overview of her psychometric approach to the analysis and classification of mood and personality disorders. An important challenge for future research is to examine the convergence between the dimensional schemes that emerge from this psychometric tradition and biological measures that are featured by Davidson, Kalin, and others. Finally, Zahn-Waxier (Chapter 11) provides an overview of her work on the development of internalizing and externalizing disorders and their relation to the development of the social emotions. This work underscores the utility and importance of understanding the developmental origins of mood and anxiety disorders and the importance of research on the development of emotion to this emerging new understanding. As noted earlier, a chapter of commentary follows each of the chapters by the presenters. These commentary chapters raise questions, illuminate connections with other bodies of work, and provide points of integration across different research traditions. We believe that these chapters, authored by advanced graduate students and postdoctoral fellows, will be of particular interest to graduate students and others in training.

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